Clinical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease and anxiety in patients with metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a global medical and social concern that significantly impacts various physiological systems, including the gastrointestinal tract. One of the most common associated pathologies is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to evaluate the severity of clinical manifestations of GERD and anxiety disorders in patients with MS. A comparative analysis was conducted between two groups: patients with combined MS and GERD, and patients with isolated GERD. The study included clinical examination, assessment using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and instrumental diagnostics. The results demonstrated higher levels of anxiety and more severe GERD symptoms in patients with MS. A statistically significant association was revealed between MS and esophageal mucosal injury.