Cardiovascular Diseases and Personality Type

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death, especially in developed countries. As new evidence-based medical findings emerge, the range of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases expands. Modern cardiology acknowledges that the development of a cardiovascular risk management system is critical. Psychological aspects, including personality, emotional regulation, and associated behaviors, have been found to contribute to cardiovascular disease onset and progression. This review summarizes and systematizes information from clinical studies and systematic reviews published through PubMed and eLIBRARY.RU. These databases were searched for articles detailing how personality types may influence the clinical course and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases through the interplay with various biological and behavioral factors. Moreover, this study provides an overview of personality types A, B, AB, and D and the methods for their identification. These methods include the Jenkins and Wasserman–Gumenyuk questionnaires, which were adapted for the Russian-speaking population to align with the cultural context, focusing on identifying personality type D (DS-14). Enhancing medical professionals’ awareness of personality traits and their role in cardiovascular diseases can facilitate deeper understanding of the causes of patient maladaptation and improve the effectiveness of strategies for preventing complications. Targeted and prompt psychotherapeutic interventions will contribute to the modification of negative aspects, decrease cardiovascular event risk, increase treatment compliance, and increase life expectancy.