Preparation and characterization of fully solid waste‐based foam glass‐ceramics from waste glass, red mud, and marble

The waste glass, Bayer red mud, and marble were utilized as sintering raw materials (85: 5: 10 wt%) to prepare fully solid waste‐based foam glass‐ceramics (FGC) with excellent comprehensive properties at a relatively low sintering temperature range of 750–875°C. The impacts of sintering temperature and soaking time on the phase composition, microstructure, and physical‐mechanical attributes of FGC were examined, and the optimal sintering process for producing these materials was also explored. The results suggested that the optimum sintering process of FGC is 825°C for 60 min. The bulk density, porosity, specific strength, and room‐temperature thermal conductivity of the FGC were 0.26 g/cm 3 , 89.9%, 9.2 MPa·cm 3 ·g −1 , and 0.091 W/(m·K), respectively. The uniformly distributed pore structure, with an average pore size of 3.18 mm, combined with relatively thin and dense pore walls (ranging from 50 to 100 µm), not only ensures high porosity in the FGC but also provides excellent specific strength and low thermal conductivity at room temperature. Furthermore, this process allows for the efficient and valuable utilization of multiple types of industrial solid waste.