Assessment of dimensional parameters and shapes of the sella turcica using computerized tomography (CT) in Saudi patients

The sella turcica (ST) serves as a key reference for evaluating cranial morphology and the pituitary gland. Various pathologies can modify its shape and size, making it crucial for diagnosing conditions. Our study aimed to assess the anatomical features of the ST using CT imaging in Saudi Participants. This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized skull CT scans from 396 Participants at King Abdullah Medical City in Mecca. The scans were performed by qualified radiographers under standardized conditions. The distribution of different shapes of the sella turcica on CT scans was categorized based on both traditional and modern classification systems. The data was statistically analyzed. Our study included 199 females (50.3%) and 197 males (49.7%). Mean Sella Turcica dimensions were: length (10.1 mm), A-P diameter (12.5 mm), transverse diameter (11.8 mm), and depth (8.8 mm). The round shape was most common ( n = 177, 43.2%) followed by flat shape ( n = 59.1, 38.6%). Females had significantly deeper ST than males (9.1 vs. 8.5 mm; P -value = 0.006). Length and depth of ST increased with age, ranging from 9.0 to 10.6 mm ( P < 0.001), and from 8.1 to 9.1 mm ( P = 0.009), respectively. In conclusion, gender differences revealed females had deeper sella turcica, while both length and depth increased with age. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic factors and the need for further research into underlying mechanisms.