Mutual Coupling Reduction in 5G Multiple Input Multiple Output Microstrip Patch Antenna

This study delineates the design and performance assessment of a small 28 GHz single-band Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna designed for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna employs T-shaped gaps among radiating elements to mitigate mutual coupling, a critical issue in compact MIMO systems. Simulation results demonstrate a significant increase in isolation, with the Return Loss (RL) improved from −17 dB to −46 dB. Furthermore, the overall radiationefficiencyincreases from 71.5% to 76.8%, indicating an improvement in system performance. The design incorporates polarizationvariety to alleviate multipath fading, a common challenge at millimeter-wave frequencies. The proposed antenna, characterized by its exceptional isolation, improved gain, and compact design, is well suited for integration into modern mobile devices and 5G-enabled platforms, including Internet of Things (IoT) networks, autonomous systems, and densely populated urban communication environments.