In 2019–2020, excavations were conducted along the Stepped Street in the City of David in Jerusalem (Permit Nos. A-8408, A-8653; map ref. 222327–32/631338–61), as part of the Shalem Plan to uncover the ancient city of Jerusalem. The excavations, undertaken on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority and funded by the Shalem Plan, the City of David Foundation (El‘ad), and the Ministry of Tourism, were directed by A. Levy, Y. Baruch and J. Uziel, with the assistance of A. Bejarano, F. Vukosavović, R. Ben-Chelouche, O. Chalaf, K. Palmberger, A. Kessler, N. Rom, H. Machline, A. Riar, H. Rips, R. Zlot-Hartov and S. Ben-Shachar (area supervision), A. Elharar (drafting), V. Essman (surveying and drafting), A. Bejarano, A. Wiegmann and A. Rose (drafting and photogrammetry), D. Tanami (metal detection), A Peretz and S. Halevy (photography), A. De Vincenz and T. Lieberman (pottery) Y. Gorin-Rosen (glass), D.T. Ariel (numismatics), H. Kupershmidt and I. Reznitsky (metallurgical laboratory), E. Boaretto and Y. Regev (radiocarbon dating), E. Weiss and N. Sukenik (archaeobotany), A. Kersik (digital documentation), D. Gazit (studio photography), Y. Asscher (analytical laboratory), Y. Nagar (physical anthropology), P. Schneider (stone inlays), D. Langgut and A. Kraemer (pollen and parasites), Y. Vaknin, Y. Kalman and M. Avrahami (conservation planning and implementation), O. Cohen and Y. Sheffer (conservation engineering), A. Koren and Y. Grushko (structural engineering supervision), as well as K. Gur-Arieh, D. Cohen, Y. Carmeli, N. Mizrahi and A. Ajami (work supervision). Wet sifting was carried out at the Emeq Z urim sifting site, under the supervision of A. Yolis and A. Shilmayev.
Levy et al. (Sat,) studied this question.