Cholangioscopy-assisted endoscopic radial incision for benign biliary stricture

Endoscopic therapy has emerged as first-line management for most benign biliary stricture (BBS) patients [1]. However, endoscopic management of high-grade strictures remains challenging. This is primarily due to difficulty in cannulating the strictured segment with conventional guidewires and secondarily to technical difficulty in achieving precise dilation at the stenotic site. Herein, we performed endoscopic radial incision under direct choledochoscopic visualization for a stenotic bile duct, achieving precise therapeutic intervention for BBS.