Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among pharmacist in Demak Regency regarding antibiotic resistance: a cross-sectional descriptive study

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious global health threat. Pharmacists play a key role in preventing antibiotic resistance by ensuring the rational and appropriate use of medications. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between pharmacists’ levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic resistance in pharmacies, clinics, and primary healthcare centers (Puskesmas). The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design, with data collected through a Google Form questionnaire from 110 pharmacists in Demak Regency. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests. On average, respondents had good knowledge and practices, while attitude scores were moderate. The mean knowledge score was 87.4% (SD = 11.9), mean attitude score was 74.4% (SD = 18.4), and mean practice score was 95.1% (SD = 10.3). Statistical tests showed that all variables had a P-value < 0.05. Spearman correlation indicated a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (rs = 0.236), knowledge and practice (rs = 0.359), and attitude and practice (rs = 0.142). There was a significant relationship between pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotic resistance. The better the pharmacists’ knowledge, the more positive their attitudes and practices, which can help prevent antibiotic resistance in pharmacies, clinics, and Puskesmas.