Integrated Digital Twin Framework for Quality, Quantity, and Work Progress Assessment in Construction

This paper presents a practical Digital Twin (DT) workflow that integrates quality assurance (QA), quantity surveying (QS), and progress monitoring within a single BIM–TLS pipeline. Unlike prior studies that treat these functions separately, we design and validate an end-to-end process that (i) aligns multi-temporal terrestrial laser scans (TLS) to a BIM reference, (ii) quantifies geometric deviations using C2C/C2M distance metrics and scalar fields, and (iii) estimates as-built concrete volumes using a 2.5D cloud-based method. The framework is verified on a reinforced-concrete building with two scan epochs, enabling simultaneous detection of dislocated/defective elements, scan-quality-aware quantity estimation, and time-based progress evidence. Results show that higher scan density leads to markedly better volume accuracy, while deviation heatmaps and histograms provide actionable QA/QC insights under an industry-relevant ±20 mm tolerance. The contribution of this work is the first field-ready unification of QA, QS, and progress monitoring in one DT workflow, implemented with commonly available tools (Revit, Cyclone, CloudCompare) and reported with reproducible settings. We also discuss limitations (manual segmentation, two-epoch validation) and outline automation directions to improve scalability across project types and phases.