This research reveals the impact of microgravity on the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network, suggesting neuromodulation may help mitigate stress responses.
Spaceflight missions represent a new exposome, unpredicted by evolution. Life-threatening agents activate non-specific stress responses involving the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network. The main molecular pathways regulating this network and those affected by spaceflight exposome/microgravity are reported in various experimental setups. They include gut microbiota-derived metabolites, potentially valuable for countermeasure development. Meaningfully, the application of neuromodulation techniques, like the non-invasive transcutaneous vagal stimulation, for the prevention of pathophysiological alterations related to stress responses, is discussed.
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Capri et al. (2025) studied this question.
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