Comparison of the effectiveness of dry needling and deep friction massage on trigger point size, pain level, and range of motion in low back pain patients

Objective: Low Back Pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder causing pain, muscle spasms, and a restricted range of motion (ROM). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Dry Needling (DN) and Deep Friction Massage (DFM) in modifying trigger point size, reducing pain, and improving range of motion (ROM) in LBP patients using a muscle ultrasonography-based approach. Methods: Thirty-two LBP patients were randomly assigned to two groups (n=16 each). The DN group received dry needling, while the DFM group underwent deep friction massage. The intervention was administered in a single session (pre–post), with a duration of approximately 20 to 30 minutes. Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ROM was measured with a goniometer, and trigger point size was evaluated by ultrasonography.