A look at cardiovascular pathology from the perspective of the risk of sudden death of railway workers (literature review)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the world, with 17.9 million deaths worldwide each year. Mortality in the Russian Federation (RF) from CVD in 2023 amounted to 556.7 cases per 100 thousand people. Every year, statistics show a deterioration in the health status of workers, where about 85% of sudden deaths occur due to CVD. Despite a thorough examination of employees during the passage of a medical expert commission, pre- and post-flight examinations, preventive measures and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cases of sudden death of employees of locomotive crews persist. Based on the analysis of the literature, the main predictors of the formation of CVD and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) have been identified.