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This is a Quantitative Study study.

September 30, 2025Open Access

Weakening assumptions in the evaluation of treatment effects in longitudinal randomized trials with truncation by death or other intercurrent events

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The proposed Pairwise Last Observation Time (PLOT) estimands can help evaluate treatment effects without strong assumptions.
Simulation studies indicate that residual selection bias is small and manageable under typical conditions of alternative methods.
The method leverages matched treated and untreated individuals to analyze treatment effects before intercurrent events occur.
Asymptotically efficient tests are developed using data-adaptive estimation, enhancing the robustness of the analysis.

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Longitudinal randomized trials face challenges from intercurrent events, suggesting new identifying methods may improve analysis.

Baklicharov et al. (2025) studied this question.

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