An Intelligent Structural Color Hydrogel Patch Integrating Diagnosis and Treatment for the Management of Chronic Osteomyelitis

Chronic osteomyelitis (COM) is a persistent bone infection that is difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics due to issues such as drug resistance and adverse side effects. To address this challenge, we have developed a novel smart structural color hydrogel patch (CPG) for both the diagnosis and treatment of COM. The patch combines methylacrylated chitosan modified with phenylboronic acid (CSMA-PBA) as a scaffold, temperature-responsive GelMA hydrogel as filler, and salicylic acid (SA) for drug delivery. Characterization showed excellent mechanical properties and adhesive strength. Drug release experiments confirmed that CPG effectively responds to pH changes, enabling controlled drug release. CPG also serves as a diagnostic tool by detecting pH and temperature changes at the infection site, assisting in postoperative recovery. Antimicrobial tests showed significant inhibition of bacterial growth, and in vitro experiments demonstrated CPG's ability to promote vascular endothelial growth factor expression while reducing inflammatory markers. The study highlights the multifunctional capabilities of the hydrogel patch, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-vascular effects, positioning it a promising therapeutic option for chronic osteomyelitis.