Sustainable halal supply chain management: a multi-theory perspective

Purpose This study aims to develop a theoretical framework integrating multiple theories to better explain sustainable and halal supply chain management (SHSCM). Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a theoretical triangulation approach by combining and synthesising the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm, the technology–organisation–environment (TOE) framework, deontological theory (DET) and utilitarian theory (UTT). Findings The SHSCM practices can impact economic, environmental, operational and social performance. Combining the SCP, TOE, DET and UTT premises provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding SHSCM. This paper provided a deeper insight into the assimilation of sustainable, ethical and halal practices that can propel organisations towards achieving sustainable outcomes in the halal food supply chain. The conceptual lens brought forward in this paper sheds light on the importance of considering not only profit maximisation but also socio-economic-environmental performance balance in HSCM. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the HSCM and sustainability literature by addressing the limitations of existing frameworks that focus solely on static performance measures and overlook the social performance of sustainable and halal practices. The insights gained from the study’s theoretical triangulation may assist academics and practitioners in understanding the complexities of sustainable halal food supply chain management. Originality/value This theoretical framework offers a more holistic approach to understanding SHSCM by considering the interplay between the structure, conduct, motives and outcomes of sustainable and halal practices in the supply chain.