Effect of Artificial Dermal Scaffolds Compounded with Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor on Wound Repair in Rats: A Comparative Study

Background Wound complications are a significant concern globally. Artificial dermal (AD) scaffolds, a novel material used in wound repair, hold promise for enhancing wound repair. However, it is limited by challenges such as prolonged vascularization time. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AD scaffold composites with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (Rh-EGF) on wound repair in rats . Methods Rh-EGF absorption and release from the artificial dermis were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell adhesion was examined via electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) AD/Rh-EGF composite scaffolds, (2) AD scaffolds alone, (3) Rh-EGF alone, and (4) untreated control. Wound healing was assessed over 21 days via histological analysis and wound closure rates. Results Absorption and release experiments confirmed that the artificial dermis can retain and release Rh-EGF. In cell co-culture experiments, the Rh-EGF-combined AD scaffolds enhanced L929 cell proliferation and adhesion. The Rh-EGF composite artificial dermis promoted wound healing in vivo . Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the Rh-EGF composite artificial dermis stimulated epithelial tissue regeneration, collagen production, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis while showing a potential trend toward reduced scar formation based on molecular markers. Conclusion The AD/Rh-EGF composite scaffold accelerates wound repair while minimizing scar formation, providing a theoretical basis for its potential clinical applications.