Optimization of protein intake in adults under catabolic conditions. Literature review

Protein is one of the key macronutrients, and therefore the development of protein deficiency has a negative impact on the health and treatment outcomes of patients. At the same time, protein intake standards for different patient populations vary significantly. Optimization of protein intake in risk groups is relevant, since it can affect the results of specialized treatment, quality of life and social status. The purpose of this review was to consider methods for correcting protein deficiency in the most vulnerable categories of adult patients: elderly and senile people, cancer patients and patients in critical condition. To accomplish this task, primary sources in the Scientific Electronic Library (e-Library.ru) and the PubMed search engine for the period from 2000 to 2025 were analyzed. Based on the analysis, the need for an individual approach to protein prescription is shown and current trends in the prescription of nutritional support in these patient populations are discussed. In cases of insufficient protein supply, the additional use of high-protein enteral mixtures as a supplement to the usual diet can have a positive effect on treatment results and quality of life. Currently, whey protein is of great interest, the use of which gives promising results, especially in combination with omega-3 fatty acids. Thus, an individually selected protein component in the composition of nutritional support can improve treatment results and quality of life in the elderly, cancer patients and patients in critical condition.