Threat and Control of tet(X)-Mediated Tigecycline-Resistant Acinetobacter sp. Bacteria

Tigecycline is regarded as one of the last-resort antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter sp. bacteria. Recently, the tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter sp. isolates mediated by tet(X) genes have emerged as a class of global pathogens for humans and food-producing animals. However, the genetic diversities and treatment options were not systematically discussed in the era of One Health. In this review, we provide a detailed illustration of the evolution route, distribution characteristics, horizontal transmission, and rapid detection of tet(X) genes in diverse Acinetobacter species. We also detail the application of chemical drugs, plant extracts, phages, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and CRISPR-Cas technologies for controlling tet(X)-positive Acinetobacter sp. pathogens. Despite excellent activities, the antibacterial spectrum and application safety need further evaluation and resolution. It is noted that deep learning is a promising approach to identify more potent antimicrobial compounds.