Development and evaluation of a Sustainable Drainage System module into TEB (v 9.0) model

Addressing urban stormwater management challenges, this study integrates a novel Sustainable Drainage System (SUDS) module into the Town Energy Balance (TEB) model to enhance urban hydro energetic simulations. The SUDS module is developed using the Equivalent Sustainable Drainage System (E–SUDS) approach, which aggregates various SUDS based on their hydrological processes and compatibility with TEB, providing a simplified representation for large-scale urban models. This study successfully develops this module, focusing on the hydrological conceptualization tailored to specific SUDS processes. A rigorous evaluation was conducted, including a comparison with the bioretention module of the SWMM model, to validate the accuracy of hydrological process dynamics and water balance simulated by the TEB SUDS module. The initial results demonstrated that the TEB SUDS module effectively simulates most of the targeted hydrological processes and the key parameters involved in water balance calculations. This module offers a comprehensive tool for analysing the cumulative and spatial effects of different SUDS at an urban scale.