Features of modern approaches to project management in distributed teams in the it sphere

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to project management in the field of Information Technology (IT). In light of the rapid evolution of the IT industry, effective project management is essential for the successful delivery of innovative solutions. The study aims to systematize key approaches, including Waterfall, Agile (Scrum, Kanban), Lean, PRINCE2, and hybrid approaches, by examining their strengths, limitations, areas of application, and impact on project outcomes. Project management in a distributed environment requires special attention to the choice of approach. Geographical dispersion, asynchronous communication, time zone differences, and cultural diversity impose limitations on conventional processes inherent to both traditional and agile models. A comparative analytical approach is employed to identify consistent patterns in approaches, selection based on project type, team structure, and resource constraints. Particular attention is given to the challenges of adapting traditional models to the dynamic environment of software development and integrating agile practices within large-scale corporate settings. The article concludes with practical recommendations for choosing the most suitable project management approach for IT organizations of varying sizes and domains. The findings are intended to support both practitioners and researchers engaged in IT project management. Based on the analysis, this article outlines criteria for selecting appropriate project management approaches depending on the specifics of the team, level of maturity, responsiveness to change, intensity of communication, and project constraints. The practical recommendations provided may serve as a useful guide for IT project managers operating in distributed environments. In future research, it would be advisable to focus on the empirical analysis of hybrid approaches implementation in real-world IT teams, the impact of digital tools on communication effectiveness, and the role of leadership in supporting cohesive collaboration within distributed teams.