A Study of Correlation Between Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Glycated Haemoglobin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Age-matched Healthy Controls-case Control Study

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is one of the endocrine dysfunctions that is known to be linked to Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The goal of the current study was to compare the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus to that of a healthy control group. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted over 1 year, at a tertiary care hospital, involving 216 patients (105 diabetic subjects and 111 non-diabetic individuals). Age, gender, comorbidities, duration of diabetes, TSH, fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels were collected from electronic health records. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, with the Karl Pearson or Spearman rank-order correlation test to assess the relationship between TSH and HbA1C. A P value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The FBS (153.79 ± 60.99 mg/dL) and HbA1C (7.76 ± 1.49%) of the diabetes group were substantially greater than those of the healthy controls (FBS: 97.94 ± 11.28 mg/dL; HbA1C: 5.61 ± 0.42%). Nonetheless, there was no discernible change in TSH levels between the control group (2.63 ± 1.41 mU/L) and the diabetes group (2.59 ± 1.82 mU/L). However, no significant association was found between HbA1C and TSH levels by correlation analysis in either the diabetic (Rho = 0.009; P = .930) or non-diabetic (Rho = 0.029; P = .760) groups. Conclusion: These findings conclude that there is no correlation between TSH and HbA1C levels in either groups.