Effect of Lead Exposure on AST Enzyme in Individuals Who Smoke

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Descriptive analysis found no link between blood lead levels and AST enzyme in smokers, suggesting further investigation is needed.

No relationship observed between blood lead levels and AST enzyme levels in smokers, indicating a need for more research in this area.
The study measured average blood lead levels at 34.14 µg/L, which is below the threshold of 100–250 µg/L, suggesting low exposure risk.
Sample subjects averaged 25 years old and had smoked for 5-8 years, indicating a young adult demographic exposed to possible liver damage.
Future research is recommended to assess the correlation between lead exposure and ALT enzyme levels in specific populations.

Lubis et al. (2025) studied this question.

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