Replies to Critics

There are three prevalent themes among the critics. First, a call to advance the concept of social power by expanding on structural power and demonstrating how telic power can be operationalized. Second, the critics want a stronger objection to the collective intentionality claim (assumed by the standard model). Third, there is a need to clarify the concept of opaque kinds of social facts, especially in relation to economic class. I integrate Khalidi’s clarification of opaqueness, elaborate on the concept of economic class, and introduce a new development of the power view by operationalizing telic power through an empirical case study.