Analysis reveals characteristics of synchronization systems in optical transmission networks, suggesting enhanced efficiency.
The article presents an analysis of the literature and discusses examples of developments of some photonic integrated circuits (PICs) used as switches that control the formation of flows in optical packet-switching networks. The trends discussed are also applicable to other classes of circuits and network devices, in particular modules of more complex systems. The article presents the results of studies of the characteristics of synchronization system components based on phase-locked loop (PLL) devices capable of providing synchronous operation of various systems using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple input/output (MIMO) technologies. The results show the possibility of using these components in devices designed to operate in optical information transmission systems and will allow creating the necessary frequency synthesizer's blocks for constructing and implementing them in the form of specialized ASICs manufactured using CMOS technology.
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Makarevich et al. (2024) studied this question.
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