Literature review emphasizes the five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation in SMEs, suggesting significant insights for economic development.
Entrepreneurship is a significant factor that directly and indirectly influences a nation's economy and plays a crucial role in shaping its economic landscape. The long-term economic development and success of any country depends on innovative approaches and entrepreneurial initiatives. This study aims to provide a literature review on individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO), emphasizing the significance of its five dimensions: risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, autonomy, proactiveness, and innovativeness. By so doing, this study contributes to the literature by addressing the initial stages of conceptual model building for IEO and its dimensions, specifically within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
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Adnan et al. (2025) studied this question.
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