Prevalence and Clinical Patterns of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM) in Italian and Turkish Children Aged 6-16: an epidemiological comparative cross-sectional study.

To define MIH prevalence, HSPM co-presence, and delineate MIH/HSPM clinical patterns in Italian and Turkish children. Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM) are worldwide spread developmental enamel defects, with an increasing number of cases. 840 children (390 Italian, 450 Turkish) aged 6-16 years old were examined by two calibrated dentists. MIH and HSPM were diagnosed according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. HSPM co-presence was evaluated in MIH-affected children having at least one second primary molar (SPM). The MIH/HSPM charting format for primary and permanent dentitions (long form) was used to record hypomineralised teeth. MIH prevalence was similar in Italy and Turkey; HSPM was lower in Turkish children. More epidemiological standardised studies on large cohorts of subjects are needed.