Blockchain Applications in Supply Chain Management: Literature Review and Identification of Research Gaps

This paper explores the transformative potential of blockchain technology in supply chain management (SCM), highlighting its capabilities in enhancing transparency, traceability, automation, and digital trust. Through a systematic literature review of key academic sources published between 2017 and 2021, the study synthesizes findings from conceptual analyses, bibliometric reviews, and sector-specific case studies. The research identifies blockchain?s benefits, such as improved product tracking and reduced inefficiencies, while also acknowledging significant challenges related to scalability, interoperability, governance, and empirical validation. Special attention is given to the integration of blockchain with emerging technologies like IoT and smart contracts, which promises further automation and operational efficiency. Despite its promise, most studies remain theoretical, with limited real-world implementation evidence. The paper underscores the need for empirical research, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and modular blockchain frameworks to address industry-specific requirements and regulatory complexities. It concludes with future research directions to bridge gaps in application, scalability, and stakeholder trust in blockchain-enabled supply chains.