Antidepressants to Prevent the Progression of Depressive Dementia to Alzheimer’s Disease: Evaluating the Degree of Knowledge about this Topic

A BSTRACT Background: Depressive dementia is a major modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a complex and multifactorial condition. Although depression has been linked to dementia, the relationship remains incompletely understood. Methods: A comprehensive PubMed search of English-language studies on modifiable risk factors and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was conducted to examine the role of depressive dementia, and the information has been supported with original illustrative figures that were created specifically for this work. Data from the Saudi Ministry of Health confirmed the inclusion of antidepressants in AD treatment protocols. In addition, a questionnaire was distributed to a selected group of physicians and pharmacists across the Kingdom to collect their views and experiences regarding depression management in AD. Results: Review of current evidence revealed a strong association between late-life depression and increased dementia risk, particularly when depressive symptoms persist or worsen over time. Even subclinical depressive symptoms correlate with reduced brain volume in frontal and temporal regions and regional atrophy, though most evidence is based on cross-sectional studies. Human data further indicate that long-term selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor use significantly lowers the likelihood of developing AD. Survey findings showed that 46% of respondents were uncertain about the role of antidepressants in slowing dementia progression or preventing AD. Conclusion: Our analysis of results underscores depression as a critical and treatable risk factor for AD. Early recognition and management of depressive dementia may help reduce Alzheimer’s risk. Clinicians should use validated screening tools for depression-related cognitive decline and adopt preventive interventions, while future research should clarify whether treatment of severe depressive dementia effectively delays or prevents AD.