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October 1, 2025Buffalo BulletinOpen Access

Methane Footprint of Milk in Integrated Crop-Livestock Farms in Indian Punjab

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Analysis reveals methane emissions in milk production across agro-climatic zones, indicating sustainability challenges.

Crossbred cattle produced the lowest carbon footprint for milk, with 681.6 g CO2-e/kg.
The study covered 180 mixed farms across three agro-climatic zones, providing a comprehensive view of emissions.
Enteric methane emissions were highest from lactating buffalo at 50.3%, significantly impacting overall farm emissions.
Lowering methane emissions in the livestock sector is critical for enhancing sustainability and requires targeted policies.

Arora et al. (2025) studied this question.

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