Retronychia: A comprehensive review of etiologies, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and management

Retronychia, a rare nail disorder that includes the ingrowth of the proximal nail plate into the proximal nail fold. This condition often leads to the misplacement of nail plates and significant discomfort for patients. It mainly affects younger females, and is more frequently observed in toenails, especially the big toe. Patients typically present with symptoms such as redness, pain, inflammation, and discharge from the affected area. This condition is often misdiagnosed, which can result in chronic pain and further complications. This narrative review aims to consolidate and analyze the existing literature on retronychia, encompassing its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical features, classification, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. By providing a comprehensive overview, this work seeks to serve as a crucial resource for healthcare professionals and researchers. Ultimately, enhancing awareness and understanding of retronychia can lead to improved diagnosis and management strategies for affected individuals.