A Crisis of Representation?

A “crisis of democratic representation” has emerged as a pressing challenge in Germany and other Western democracies. The crisis is characterized by declining trust in institutions, the erosion of major parties, and the rise of populist movements that exploit feelings of political estrangement. This article examines the underlying causes—such as globalization, economic inequality, and cultural shifts—that contribute to fragmenting public spheres and diminishing political integration. It also explores constitutional perspectives on potential reforms, including direct democracy, citizen councils, and electoral law adjustments. The article concludes that these dynamics should be seen as part of a larger history on the adaptability of democratic representation.