The Prevention of Reproductive Problems Brought on by Bisphenol A In Vivo by Alpinia officinarum Extract

Background: Male fertility has been declining globally for a significant period, particularly in nations where a high presence of chemicals known as endocrine disruptors. Objective: The well-known endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), which is employed as a monomer in the manufacture of plastic materials, significantly affects the male reproductive system and male fertility. The purpose of this work was to determine whether an extract from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum ( A. officinarum ) could protect against the reproductive harm that BPA causes. Materials and Methods: Male test rats received the following doses after their division into three equal groups: 0.2 mL of olive oil was administered daily to each rat in the control group; BPA (50 mg/kg) was given to the BPA group; and A. officinarum extract (400 mg/kg) was administered to the protected group first, followed by BPA (50 mg/kg) after an hour. For 60 days, the various doses were given orally. After the animal was killed, blood samples were taken to gauge sex hormone levels, and testes and epididymis were removed for analysis of sperm parameters and histological examinations. Results: Testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone serum levels decreased in BPA-exposed rats; and sperm parameters (concentration, motility, viability) also decreased. Additionally, contrasted with the control group, histological investigation revealed a significant reduction in the epithelial thickness and diameter of the seminiferous and caudal tubules in this group. In contrast, the protected group’s data show a marked decline in all prior biochemical and histological problems. No significant differences were observed in T and FSH levels, sperm concentration, and sperm motility in the protected group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggested that Alpinia officinarum extract is effective at lowering the male reproductive toxicity due to its antioxidant properties and subsequently offering protection against the harm caused by oxidative stress brought on by BPA exposure.