Replacing Toxic Nanomaterials in the Textile Industry: A Review of Recent Advances and Challenges

The textile industry’s reliance on nanotechnology, including in developing smart textiles, has raised significant concerns due to the improper disposal of toxic nanomaterials and the release of nanowaste into ecosystems. These challenges pose risks to human health and the environment, emphasizing the urgency of adopting sustainable practices aligned with global circular economy goals. This study aims to compile and analyze the existing research on nanotechnology to improve the sustainability of the textile supply chain. To fulfill this aim, a systematic literature review was guided by the PRISMA protocol and bibliometric and content analyses of articles published between 2004 and 2024, revealing key approaches such as green synthesis, advanced recycling methods, sustainable nanomaterial design, and efforts to replace hazardous substances. Despite these advancements, barriers related to cost, scalability, regulatory challenges, and stakeholder acceptance persist, limiting widespread implementation. This research provides valuable insights into environmentally conscious practices by bridging sustainability and nanotechnology. It supports adopting circular economy principles in textile production chains, contributing to the advancement of sustainable nanotechnology applications in the industry.