Comprehensive review on Sneddon’s syndrome

Sneddon’s Syndrome (SS) is a rare, noninflammatory thrombotic vasculopathy that bridges dermatological and neurological domains, characterized by ischemic strokes and livedo racemosa. This comprehensive review synthesizes findings from 57 systematically selected studies to address SS’s pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic strategies. The review highlights endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and autoimmune mechanisms as key contributors to SS’s pathophysiology. Imaging techniques, particularly MRI and angiography, play pivotal roles in diagnosis, while histopathological evaluations confirm vascular occlusion and tissue ischemia. Management focuses on anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, and emerging targeted treatments to address disease heterogeneity and mitigate thrombotic risk. Limitations in existing research, including variability in diagnostic criteria and the rarity of SS, emphasize the need for standardized protocols and longitudinal studies. This review underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in advancing diagnostic precision, optimizing therapeutic outcomes, and fostering a deeper understanding of SS’s complex pathophysiology.