The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern defence has transformed the landscape of military operations, intelligence, and strategic decision-making. This review synthesizes findings from thirty-seven recent research papers that explore AI applications across domains such as surveillance, autonomous systems, cyber defence, logistics, and ethical governance. Studies highlight AI’s role in enhancing situational awareness through satellite and sensor fusion, improving decision-support via predictive analytics, and enabling autonomy in unmanned aerial and ground vehicles. Research further emphasizes advances in military logistics optimization, AI-driven wargaming, and natural language models for multilingual intelligence analysis. At the same time, concerns over adversarial attacks, bias, explainability, and the ethical use of AI in lethal autonomous weapon systems remain critical challenges. Policy-focused works underscore the necessity of human-in-the-loop frameworks and international governance mechanisms to ensure responsible deployment. Collectively, the literature demonstrates that while AI offers unprecedented opportunities to strengthen defence capabilities, its adoption must be balanced with ethical safeguards, interoperability standards, and robust oversight to maintain security, accountability, and global stability.
Goldi Soni (Tue,) studied this question.