Effectiveness of Educational Models on Improving Preventive Behavior for Diabetic Foot Ulcers in the Elderly: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: Diabetic foot Ulcer (DFU) are one of several complications of diabetes mellitus, with high infection rates and low healing rates affect quality of life, life prognosis, burden on health care resources and physical prognosis. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of educational models on Improving preventive behavior for Diabetic Foot Ulcers in the Elderly. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), ProQuest, and EBSCO databases from 2021 to 2025. The included articles were in English, full-text, and not review articles. Of the total 12.021 records screened, the last six studies were included in the systematic review. The results showed that Educational models included Psychoeducational program, efficacy signal, diabetes self management, cox regression model, the full model, MLR and RF models can can reduce the prevalence of foot lesions in Type 2 DM patients. Conclusion: Educational models are highly effective in improving preventive behaviors for DFUs in the elderly, with structured, theory-based, and psychoeducational approaches showing the most promise. Regular follow-ups and targeted interventions for high-risk patients are recommended to maximize the benefits.