Adsorption of heavy metals by organoclays based on bentonite and surfactants of different types

Organoglines are clay minerals modified by intercalation, or grafting, of organic molecules, which have a generally hydrophobic surface character and can be used to absorb and fix organic and inorganic pollutants. The review examines the main mechanisms of interaction of organic modifiers with clay minerals with an expanding structural cell and the most common methods of organoglycan synthesis. The properties of various types of surfactants (cationic, anionic, amphoteric and nonionic) affecting their absorption on clays are described. Data on the absorption of cationic forms of heavy metals by organoglycans based on various types of surfactants are presented. Despite the nonpolar nature of the surface of organoglycans, some of them can effectively absorb metal cations.