Psychometric Validation of Culturally Adapted Tool for Measuring Attitudes Toward Domestic Violence: Bridging Social Norms and Community Interventions

Introduction: Domestic violence against women (DVAW) is a global health issue, particularly in areas with patriarchal norms and a lack of culturally relevant assessment tools. We developed a culturally adapted questionnaire to measure community attitudes toward DVAW in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving expert review, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and assessments of internal consistency. The study included a convenience sample of 831 adult participants, comprising 417 males and 414 females. Results: The adapted instrument showed excellent psychometric properties (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.93) and strong validity across demographic groups. Although excluding acceptance-oriented items narrowed the conceptual scope, the remaining items effectively measure key dimensions of DVAW rejection, reflecting community attitudes and their mental health implications. Discussion: This reliable instrument measures community attitudes toward DVAW. Future work may explore cognitive neuroscience methods to study attitude change and the long-term effects of culturally adapted interventions on mental health.