Legal analysis of the global space agencies and private companies engaged in space services

The study aimed to analyse international legislation in the space industry and the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to establish the legal framework for the activities of private entities and international space agencies. For an effective study of the topic, terminological, hermeneutical, comparative, and historical methods were used in the study. The study described the commercialisation of space technologies and space in general, identifying current problems and prospects. In particular, the article studies the issue of knowledge transfer and identifies the key role of international cooperation in this transfer. The main international regulatory framework in the field of space activities was also analysed. The legal basis for the activities of leading international space agencies (National Aeronautics and Space Administration and European Space Agency), private companies (Space Exploration Technologies Corporation and Blue Origin), as well as the space committee of Kazakhstan – Aerospace committee of the Ministry of Digital Development, Innovations and Aerospace Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan was established. The study identified the guiding principles for the activities of public and private institutions established by international space law (exploration of outer space and use of its objects for peaceful purposes, prohibition of appropriation of celestial bodies, non-discrimination, etc.). The study highlighted the need to ensure international cooperation. This concerns cooperation between the public and private sectors in the implementation of common space goals and objectives to increase the potential of space technologies. The study also emphasises the importance of states’ compliance with treaties on outer space activities, as well as their harmonisation with national legal acts