The influence of ecological conditions on the formation of forest communities in the Selbe-Goliin Ekh Nature Reserve (Mongolia)

A classification of forest vegetation in the “Selbe-Goliin Ekh” Nature Reserve was conducted to identify structural features and ecological differentiation within boreal forest communities. Two associations of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea were distinguished: Carici iljinii-Pinetum sibiricae (dark-coniferous Siberian pine forests) and Vaccinio vitis-idaeae-Laricetum sibiricae (light-coniferous cowberry Siberian larch forests). The coenoflora of the first association comprises 38 species of vascular plants and lichens, while the second exhibits greater diversity with 41 species. Analysis of ecological groups revealed distinct differences between the associations. Vaccinio vitis-idaeae-Laricetum sibiricae is formed by light-demanding, drought-tolerant species adapted to nutrient-poor soils. Carici iljinii-Pinetum sibiricae is represented by shade-tolerant and moisture-loving plants favouring moderately fertile, moist substrates. Differences in the dominant functional groups reflect community adaptation to gradients of light availability, moisture, and soil nutrient status (trophicity). The obtained results underscore the role of ecological differentiation in maintaining biodiversity and the resilience of boreal ecosystems.