Clinical Profile and Risk Factors in COPD Patients: A Tertiary Care-Based Observational Study from Western India

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major global health concern, marked by persistent airflow limitation and high morbidity. Understanding its clinical and risk profiles is crucial for effective management, especially in high-burden areas like India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at C.U. Shah Medical College, Gujarat, from November 2022 to February 2023, enrolling 100 spirometry-confirmed COPD patients (post-bronchodilator FEV₁/FVC <0.70). Data on demographics, symptoms, smoking, occupation, lab parameters, imaging, and clinical outcomes were analyzed using chi-square, t-tests, and correlation analysis. Results: The cohort included 60% males with a mean age of 66 years. Dyspnoea (90%), cough (85%), and sputum production (70%) were the most common symptoms. Smoking was significantly associated with advanced COPD (p <0.001). Industrial and agricultural workers had higher rates of bronchiectasis and bronchovascular markings (p <0.005). Hematocrit showed an inverse correlation with oxygen saturation (p <0.004). Severe dyspnoea was linked to increased hospitalizations (p <0.004). Conclusion: Smoking and occupational exposure are key contributors to COPD severity. Dyspnoea severity predicts hospitalization rates. Focused public health interventions are essential to mitigate disease burden and improve outcomes.