A Smart Safety Framework: Developing an IoT-Based Landslide Monitoring System for Enhanced Disaster Preparedness in Biak na Bato National Park

Landslides are a recurring hazard in regions with complex geological conditions, intensified by climate change, seismic activity, and unsustainable land use. Biak na Bato National Park, with its limestone formations and steep slopes, is highly vulnerable to these events, posing risks to residents, tourists, and infrastructure. This study presents the development of a smart safety framework through an Internet of Things (IoT)-based landslide monitoring system designed to enhance disaster preparedness in the park. The system integrates sensors for soil moisture, rainfall intensity, and ground movement, enabling real-time monitoring of slope conditions and early warning notifications. Following the IoT Project Development Process, the research employed an applied methodology that included requirement analysis, prototype building, and user testing. Thirty respondents, composed of park staff, local residents, and tourists, evaluated the system’s functionality, reliability, and usability. Testing demonstrated sensor accuracy with error rates below 3%, confirming strong performance. User assessments yielded high ratings for functionality (4.23), reliability (4.21), efficiency (4.17), and maintainability (4.11). These results confirm the prototype’s capability to provide valid and consistent outputs across varying environmental conditions with minimal maintenance requirements. The device effectively addresses the lack of established landslide preparedness tools in the park and shows strong potential for broader application in landslide-prone areas. Future improvements will focus on refining the algorithm for pattern recognition and conducting long-term deployments to validate sustained performance. Overall, the proposed IoT-based framework offers a practical and robust solution for enhancing disaster preparedness and ensuring the safety of communities in vulnerable environments.