Schizophrenia Research Under the Framework of Predictive Coding: Body, Language, and Others

While predictive coding offers a powerful framework for investigating schizophrenia, its therapeutic applications remain nascent. To facilitate a “therapy turn” in the field, this review establishes a model‐oriented, operationalist, and comprehensive understanding of schizophrenia. We examine predictive coding models across key domains—embodiment, co‐occurrence of over‐ and under‐weighting priors, subjective time processing, language production and comprehension, self‐other differentiation, and social interaction. Each model is linked to corresponding clinical impairments and manifestations in schizophrenia. Finally, we propose a roadmap for future research, outlining the rationale and methods for leveraging this framework to develop novel interventions. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Prediction Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction