Evaluating Evacuation Centers Using Geographic Information System Technique in Malolos, Bulacan

Malolos, located in the southwestern part of Bulacan, Philippines, faces significant flood risks due to its low- lying geography, proximity to Manila Bay, and dense river networks. These frequent floods cause considerable socio-economic harm, and current disaster management strategies, particularly regarding evacuation, are inadequate. This study uses Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and qualitative interviews to examine flood damage, the accessibility of evacuation centers, and route effectiveness in Malolos. Results show that evacuation centers are insufficient in terms of size, accessibility, and strategic placement. Interviews highlight reluctance to evacuate, driven by concerns about property security and poor conditions at evacuation centers. Additionally, although evacuation routes exist, impassable roads and low public compliance with evacuation orders undermine the effectiveness of disaster response efforts. The study demonstrates that GIS- based mapping significantly enhances the ability to assess flood damage and plan for evacuations. However, it emphasizes the need for a holistic approach that incorporates social factors and behavioral changes. Key recommendations include improving evacuation center infrastructure, developing better transportation logistics, and strengthening public trust and awareness to enhance disaster resilience in flood-prone areas.