Bioactive Fe-Mg-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Implants: In vitro Characterization and Biological Evaluation

This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo performance of Fe-Mg-doped hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium implants for improved osseointegration, biocompatibility and antimicrobial efficacy in orthopedic and dental applications. Fe-Mg-HAP coatings were applied to titanium substrates and characterized using FTIR and EDAX to confirm doping and material purity. Surface morphology and roughness were analyzed to assess suitability for cell attachment. Antimicrobial activity was tested against E. coli and S. aureus. Hemocompatibility was evaluated via hemolysis assays and confocal microscopy was used to examine cell adhesion and morphology. Coatings exhibited uniform distribution and moderate surface roughness. The material showed strong antimicrobial activity (18.2 mm for E. coli, 15.7 mm for S. aureus), excellent blood compatibility (< 2% hemolysis) and good cell adhesion with normal morphology under confocal imaging. Thus, Fe-Mg-HAP-coated titanium implants demonstrate enhanced biocompatibility, structural integrity and infection resistance, validating their potential for clinical use in the orthopedic and dental implants.