An Age-Structured Mathematical Model for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer in the Presence of Vaccination and Treatment

This study develops an age-structured mathematical model to investigate the dynamics of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer progression in the presence of vaccination and treatment. The model stratifies the population into five epidemiological classes across discrete age groups to capture differences in disease transmission and intervention outcomes. Analytical results establish conditions for the stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria depending on the basic reproduction number (R0 ). Numerical simulations show that early vaccination of adolescents significantly reduces HPV prevalence, while treatment improves outcomes in older populations. The combined effect of vaccination and treatment proves most effective, leading to projected reductions of over 70% in cervical cancer incidence within 25 years. The findings highlight the importance of integrated, age-targeted strategies for achieving cervical cancer elimination goals.