Digital Twin Prototype in Unity 3D: Real-Time Greenhouse Monitoring and Control

The increasing global population, combined with the impacts of climate change and global warming, has made the production of high-quality agricultural products at lower costs a critical necessity. Addressing these challenges requires leveraging emerging technologies. This study presents a prototype system that integrates digital twin technology into greenhouse farming. A physical greenhouse was equipped with a Raspberry Pi and various environmental sensors to collect real-time data. This data is visualized and managed through a Unity 3D-based digital twin, enabling automated control via rule-based decision logic. Monitored parameters include temperature, humidity, light intensity, and soil moisture, which dynamically trigger irrigation, ventilation, and lighting mechanisms. The system was tested over a seven-day period under different lighting scenarios. Results showed consistent system performance, demonstrating its viability for educational use and small-scale agricultural applications. Furthermore, the flexible architecture of the system suggests potential for future extension toward predictive modeling and adaptive control strategies.