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This analysis shows TMPs improve HER activity in seawater, indicating strategies to combat Cl− poisoning and Ca2+/Mg2+ challenges.
This study focuses on TMPs as H 2 -production catalysts for seawater electrolysis, and asummarize Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ issues, Cl − poisoning, and strategies to enhance TMPs’ HER activity in seawater.
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Ma et al. (2025) studied this question.
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