Gender Differences in Communication Styles. A Systematic Review Using the PRISMA Protocol

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this paper is to examine the current differences and similarities in communication styles between women and men, specifically focusing on the communication characteristics of Generation Z. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The study explores how gender and generational differences manifest in communication styles. To address this aim, a systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA protocol. The review included peer-reviewed, open-access articles from 2013 onwards, sourced from Web of Science and Scopus, resulting in 25 relevant studies after applying strict inclusion criteria. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The argumentation process within this paper is built upon a thorough analysis of existing literature regarding gender differences in communication. RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis of the identified studies reveals persistent differences in communication styles between women and men. Women’s communication tends to be more emotionally expressive and relationship-oriented, while men’s communication is typically more direct, specific, and focused on asserting power and status. However, the studies examined mostly focused on interpersonal communication rather than professional contexts, with limited attention to Generation Z. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND APPLICABLE VALUE OF RESEARCH: The review highlights a significant research gap regarding gendered communication in professional settings and the communication styles of Generation Z. Further studies are recommended to explore these areas, particularly in light of Generation Z’s increasing presence in the workforce and evolving communication patterns.