Natural and Artificial Dyes in Spinning and Carpet Industry: Substitution and Effects. Examples from the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century

The aim of this paper is to explore the transition in the use of dyes in spinning and carpet industry, from natural to imported artificial ones, and the effects on the whole grid of the craft activity of the particular industry, in selected areas of the East in the 19th century up to the early 20th century.